(20) The expression getting ‘brother’, aha in the BT, features at exactly the same time become enhanced, although this setting is additionally utilized in Turoyo. Hertevin has one another ?aha and you may ?ahona (Jastrow 1988, 180), but Mandaic only has aha (Macuch 1965, 495).
While doing so, external NENA, we have almost every other terms and conditions: Mandaic keraya (Macuch 1965, 509), Turoyo raglo (Jastrow 1985, 219)
(21) One to as an alternative mystical item that is attested in every NENA dialects except Sanandaj Religious (and therefore most likely merely a spin pit regarding facts) was aqla ‘foot’. Krotkoff (1985, 130-31) argues that the phrase comes throughout the options ql ‘to be crooked’. The dialects use the mode aqla, but Koy Sanjaq aqla and you can Tisqopa (?)aqIlta.
(22) Several other term chatted about because of the Krotkoff (1985, 131-32, 134) is baxta ‘woman’, that has supplanted brand new Syriac atta in most NENA, not inside the Turoyo otherwise Mandaic. So it word generally seems to be a consequence of Kurdish baxt ‘honor’. It is interesting to notice that an irregular plural endures when you look at the multiple languages: Tisqopa (?)InsI, Azerbaijan Jewish nise, and you may Halabja inse.
(23) An unexpected development mentioned by the Noldeke (1868, 59) try rxata, add up to Syriac rhat. The change out-of h in order to x in this one word try included in the NENA languages where the verb is attested. Examples: Sanandaj Religious raxet (Panoussi 1990), Urmi r-x-D (Hetzron 1969, 123), Jilu rxata, Hertevin rahet (Jastrow 1988, 222).
(24) Some other unexpected development ‘s the NENA verb ‘fear’, which will take the models zda?a beneficial, zdaya, and you can zdala regarding some dialects. Macuch and Panoussi (1974, 50) offer a prospective derivation about Syriac ezda za ‘be shaken’. Models on infixed d are found in every new NENA languages the spot where the root was attested: Halabja ilha zadyane ‘God-dreading (pl.)’, Jilu +zdale ‘he feared’, Aradhin iza:dIl ‘he fears’ (Krotkoff 1982, 78), Zakho zde?lu ‘they feared’ (Sabar 1988, 1).(9)
Not all of the pinpointing top features of NENA can be found either in Turoyo or Mandaic
I think your a lot more than will make it clear the NENA languages display many distinctive qualities which can be discover neither in the previous attested types of Aramaic neither in the most other way of living languages. These features diversity over the domain names from phonology, morphology, as well as the lexicon.
Especially, the languages from NENA agree inside requirements 2, 9, 14, 15, 16, 21, and you may 22. Every languages in which i have pointers together with agree on conditions 20, 23, and you can twenty four.
Just about Halabja consent when you look at the conditions 8 and 11. Requirement six is located in all the dialects except Halabja, Hertevin, and you may Sanandaj Christian.
Despite its interior divisions, this new NENA dialects function an amazingly defined group, divided obviously from one another Turoyo and you can Mandaic. The career of them dialects outside the NENA soft may be out of concern.
The amount that keeps are common across the NENA is particularly unbelievable whenever we take into account the tremendous differences between various dialects. The latest influence from most other dialects toward NENA has been each other strong and wider, and the degree of common intelligibility anywhere between dialects could be extremely small. The numerous shared designs dispute highly to have a familiar source off the new NENA dialects, in both one dialect or even in a team of closely related languages. Meanwhile, we can detect a handful of important packages away from isoglosses and that portray the new limits off dialect communities.
a) The fresh new dialect of Halabja cannot express some very important designs which are observed as a result of most of the remainder of the languages. It generally does not setting a good CCiC-le preterite regarding intransitive verbs (8), it’s got no b(it)- upcoming marker (10), and has now no third person singular copula having step one (11). This chodit s nÄ›kým kik really is one particular practical office between dialects off NENA. It means that remaining dialects means a group whereby innovations bequeath if you are Halabja stayed unchanged by the them.